Prime factorization is when you break down the factors of 59 to just the prime factors and expressing 59 as a product of those prime factors.
In this case, because 59 is a prime number, we can simply state the primary factorization as 59.
For most numbers, we would take the smallest prime factor that is larger than 1 to start to break down the focus number. In this case, the smallest prime factor larger than 1 is 59.
59 ÷ 59 = 1
If we divide 59 by 59, we simply get 1, which can’t be broken down any further.
So, the prime factorization of 59 is just 59.